Wednesday, March 11, 2020

animal lovers (small)


Francis of Assisi
Johnny Appleseed`s friend
Charles Darwin
Deer tick
Borrelia Burgdorferi
Andrew Lyme



Francis of Assisi (1181-1226)

After my life as a Cannabis plant, it was high time that I experience life as a man so I decided to be born as a boy. I ended up to be a traveling preacher who loved animals and became one of the most venerated religious figures in history. I became the patron saint of animals and the environment despite never being ordained to the Catholic priesthood. I founded the men's Order of "Lesser Brothers", the women’s Order of "St. Clare", and the Order of "Brothers and Sisters of Penance" for men and women who were unable to live the lives of traveling preachers.

My father was a prosperous silk merchant and had 11 children. I lived the high-spirited life of a wealthy young man, even fighting as a soldier for the town of Assisi in Italy. When I was 20, I joined a military expedition and was taken captive and spent a year in prison. When I was released, I returned to Assisi and resumed my carefree life. When I was 23, I got seriously ill and had a lot of hallucinations. One year later I enlisted in the army. While going off to war, I had a vision that directed me back to Assisi where I lost my taste for my worldly life.

One day as I was selling cloth and velvet in the marketplace for my father, a beggar came by and started bugging me to give him something, anything. I ignored him and continued with my selling. But then something inside me urged me to run after the poor guy. When I caught up to him, something inside me urged me to give him everything I had in my pockets. When my friends heard what I did, they thought I had gone crazy. When my father heard what I did, he exploded and was so angry that he even hit me.

On a pilgrimage to Rome, I joined the poor in begging at St. Peter's Basilica. The experience moved me to live in poverty. I spent much time in lonely places, asking god for enlightenment. I started to nurse the most repulsive lepers in the leper colonies near Assisi. After my pilgrimage to Rome I had a mystical vision of Jesus Christ in the country chapel just outside of Assisi, in which the Icon of Christ said to me "Francis, Francis, go and repair my house which, as you can see, is falling into ruins." I thought he was talking about the ruined church in which I was praying at that moment. So I sold some cloth from my father's store and donated some money for some repairs to that church. There were many other church buildings needing repairs so I returned home and began preaching on the streets to collect money to repair those churches also. I soon amassed a lot more money than I had expected to and even got some followers to follow me.

My father was infuriated with my new behavior and attempted to get me back to my old ways, first with threats and then with beatings. I sued him for abuse. In the midst of legal proceedings before the Bishop of Assisi, I renounced my father and laid aside even the garments I had received from him in front of the public. For the next couple of months I lived as a beggar in the region of Assisi. Returning to the countryside around the town, I embraced the life of a penitent for 2 years repenting my sins and restoring several ruined chapels in the countryside around Assisi.

When I was 28, I heard a sermon that changed my life. The sermon was about Christ telling his followers to go forth, without money, walking stick or shoes and seek repentance. I was inspired to devote myself to a life of poverty. Clad in a rough garment, barefoot, and without staff or money, I began to preach repentance. I was soon joined by my first follower, a prominent fellow townsman who contributed all that he had to my work. Within a year I had 11 followers. I chose never to be ordained a priest. We lived a simple life in the deserted leper colony near Assisi; but we spent much of our time traveling through the mountainous districts, always cheerful and singing songs.

My preaching to ordinary people was unusual since I had no license to do so. I composed a simple rule for my followers. The rule was “To follow the teachings of our Lord Jesus Christ and to walk in his footsteps.” I went with my first 11 followers to Rome to seek permission from Pope Innocent III to found a new religious Order. Upon entry to Rome, we encountered Bishop Guido of Assisi, with Cardinal of Sabina, who was the confessor of Pope Innocent III. They were sympathetic and agreed to introduce me to the pope. After several days, the pope sent us a message saying that when god increased our group in grace and number, we could return for an official audience.

According to church tradition and practice, we had the tops of our heads shaved bald, leaving only a collar of hair around our bald spot. This was important because it recognized Church authority and lessened the chances of possible accusations of heresy, as had happened to the poor Waldensians whose leader Peter Waldo preached on the streets of Lyon, France 4 years before I was born. Their movement was a response to the schisms that had consumed the Catholic Church and it advocated a return to the vows of poverty and preaching of the Gospel as advocated by Jesus and myself. The movement was declared heretical and was persecuted by Church officials.

Pope Innocent initially had his doubts about my projects. In spite of or perhaps because of a dream he had of me holding up the cathedral of Rome, he decided to endorse my Order. This constituted the official founding of my Order that we modestly called the Order of "Lesser Brothers". We preached on the streets and had no possessions. Eventually we expanded throughout Italy. From then on, my new Order grew quickly.

One day, a rich noblewoman from Assisi called Clare heard me preaching. She became deeply touched by my message and she realized her calling. I received Clare and established the Order of "Poor Clares". A few of her rich companions followed and joined her. I gave them a dress, similar to my own. I housed them temporarily in a nearby monastery of Benedictine nuns. The Order of Saint Benedict was a Catholic religious order founded 700 years before I was born by a very rich man turned priest who gave up all of his wealth to live the life of a hermit. You could say he was my role model. His independent monastic communities observed his rule to pray and work; in that order. Within his order, each individual community of nuns and monks maintained their own autonomy.

For those who could not travel or leave their homes, I formed a third Order, the Order of "Brothers and Sisters of Penance". This was a fraternity composed of members who could not withdraw from the world or travel around. Before long my 3 Orders grew so much that we expanded to places outside out territory.

Determined to bring the Gospel to all god's creatures, I sought on several occasions to take my message out of Italy. When I was 31, I set out for Jerusalem, but I was shipwrecked by a storm and forced to return. A year later I sailed for Morocco, but this time an illness forced me to break off my journey in Spain. When I was 38, I went to Egypt in an attempt to convert the Sultan to put an end to the conflict of the Crusades. My attempted rapprochement with the Muslim world had far-reaching consequences, long after my death. When the Crusades finally ended in defeat, it was the Franciscans who were allowed to stay on in the Holy Land and be recognized as "Custodians of the Holy Land" on behalf of the Catholic Church. By this point, my Orders had grown to such an extent that groups were sent to France, Germany, Hungary and Spain and to the East.

I believed that nature herself was the mirror of god. I called all creatures my “brothers” and “sisters,” and even preached to the animals. Once, a terrifying and ferocious wolf in our neighborhood started to devour animals as well as people. I had compassion upon the townsfolk, and so I went up into the hills to find the wolf. Fear of the animal had caused all my companions to flee, though I pressed on. When I found the wolf, I made the sign of the cross and commanded the wolf to come to me and hurt no one. Miraculously the wolf closed his jaws and lay down at my feet. I talked to the wolf. "Brother Wolf, you do much harm in these parts and you have done great evil. All these people accuse you and curse you...but Brother Wolf, I would like to make peace between you and the people." Then I led the wolf into the town, and surrounded by startled citizens, I made a pact between them and the wolf. 


Because the wolf had done evil out of hunger, the townsfolk were to feed the wolf regularly. In return, the wolf would no longer prey upon the folks or their flocks. In this manner the frightened townsfolk were freed from the menace of the predator. I even made a pact on behalf of the town dogs that they would not bother the wolf again. Finally, to show the townspeople that they would not be harmed, I blessed the wolf.

In my book “Praises of Creatures”, I mentioned the sun, the moon, the wind and the water, and called them all my "brothers" and "sisters". My deep sense of brotherhood under god embraced all of his creation. Many of the stories that surrounded my life dealt with my love for animals. Perhaps the most famous incident that illustrated my humility towards nature was recounted in the book "Little Flowers", a collection of legends and folklore that sprang up after my death. One legend described me traveling with some companions. We came upon a place in the road where birds filled the trees on either side. I told my companions to wait for me while I go to preach to my sisters, the birds. The birds surrounded me were intrigued by the power of my voice and not one of them flew away. I was often portrayed with a bird, typically in my hand.

I preached that the world was created good and beautiful by god but needed redemption because of the primordial sin of man. I preached to man and beast alike of the universal ability and duty of all creatures to praise god. I found this a common theme in the Psalms, the book of the Bible I particularly liked to read. I preached that it was the duty of men to protect and enjoy nature as both the stewards of god's creation and as creatures themselves.

When I was 34, I made a visit to Rome and met the Spanish priest Dominic de Guzman, the founder of an Order to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy. The order was famous for the infamous role it played in the inquisitions, and for its intellectual tradition. Soon after meeting Dominic, I miraculously got marks on my hands, wrists, and feet just like Jesus had from his crucifixion wounds. 2 years later I died. 2 years after I died, I was made a saint by Pope Gregory IX.

I had a great influence on many men long after I died.

300 years after I died, Ignatius of Loyola, a noble from Spain, was wounded in battle and he experienced a religious conversion. He and 6 other young men, including Francis Xavier, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and a special vow of obedience to the pope. His rule was "We must be altogether of the same mind and in conformity. If the Church shall have defined anything to be black which to our eyes appears to be white, we ought in like manner to pronounce it to be black." He founded the Order of "Society of Jesus". Members called themselves Jesuits. It was a mixture of various Orders already existing. 


Just like my Order was inspired by the Benedictines, Ignatius's Order was inspired by mine. The "Jesuits" were like the "Benedictines" in that they professed poverty. They were like my "Franciscans" in that they were traveling preachers. They were like the "Dominicans" in that they professed education and loyalty to the pope. Because of Ignatius's military background and the members' willingness to travel anywhere in the world and to live in extreme conditions where required, his Order went to new lands where people needed to be converted to Christianity. The opening lines of his founding document declared that the Society of Jesus was founded for "whomever desires to serve as a soldier of God".

Over 700 years later, when scientists were starting to be worried about the fate of nature, Pope John Paul II declared that I be made the Patron of Ecology. He claimed that my love and care for creation was a challenge for Catholics and a reminder not to behave like dissident predators where nature was concerned, but to assume responsibility for it, taking all care so that everything stays healthy and integrated, so as to offer a welcoming and friendly environment to the generations who follow. The pope claimed that I offered Christians an example of genuine and deep respect for the integrity of creation... and that as a friend of the poor and as a man who was loved by the animals, I invited all of creation – animals, plants, natural forces, even Brother Sun and Sister Moon – to give honor and praise to the Lord. The pope continued to state that I was an example that when people are at peace with God, they are better able to devote themselves to building up that peace with all creation which is inseparable from peace among all peoples. Pope John Paul II concluded his remarks with these words, "It is my hope that the inspiration of Saint Francis will help us to keep ever alive a sense of 'fraternity' with all those good and beautiful things which Almighty God has created." One of the popes, after John Paul II died, named himself after me. Pope Franciscus, also known as Pope Francis!

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Johnny Appleseed`s friend (1774-1809)

I so very much enjoyed my last life as a man, that I chose my next life to be born a boy again. I ended up as John Chapman`s helping hand. John, better known as Johnny Appleseed was born the same day as I was. We were childhood friends and as adults, became best of friends. He was a pioneer and became famous for introducing apple trees to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, including the northern counties of West Virginia. He became an American legend while still alive due to his kind generous ways, his leadership in conservation, and the many apple orchards he started. When he was 18, he persuaded me and his half-brother, who was only 11, to go west with him to plant apple trees from seeds.

Apple trees grown from seeds rarely produced sweet or tasty apples, even if the apples that the seeds came from were sweet and tasty. This was because the seeds from apples of the same tree were all different and grew very different apple trees. Each flower that eventually turned into a fruit was pollinated by different bees carrying different pollen from different trees. This made apple trees grown from apple seeds all very different from each other and usually sour and hard.

But the sour apples were still popular among the settlers because apples were mainly used for producing cider, the fermented apple juice, and applejack, the concentrated cider. Many settlers were required by law to plant orchards of apples and pears in order to uphold the right to the land they claimed. So Johnny Appleseed planted orchards from apple seeds for the settlers that pioneered new lands on the frontier. 


Like saint Francis of Assisi, Chapman was quick to preach the Gospel wherever he traveled and during his travels he converted many Indians whom he greatly admired. The Native Americans regarded him as someone who had been touched by the Great Spirit. Even hostile tribes left him alone. He once wrote, "I have traveled more than 4,000 miles about this country, and I have never met with one single rude or disrespectful Native American."

Johnny Appleseed cared very deeply about animals, including insects. One cool autumnal night, while lying by his camp-fire in the woods, he observed that the mosquitoes flew in the blaze and were burned to death. Johnny, who wore on his head a tin utensil which he used both as a cap and a cup, filled it with water and quenched the fire, and afterwards remarked, “God forbid that I should build a fire for my comfort that should be the means of destroying any of his creatures.” Another time he made a camp-fire in a snowstorm at the end of a hollow log in which he intended to pass the night. Finding it occupied by a bear and her cubs, he moved his fire to the other end, and slept on the snow in the open air, rather than disturb the bear family. Another time, he heard a horse was to be slaughtered. He bought the horse and a few grassy acres nearby and let the horse loose to recover. When it did, he gave the horse to someone needy, making him promise to treat the horse humanely.

The only way to perpetuate a variety of desirable apples is thru grafting. Grafting started with the Chinese in 3000 BC and over the 5000 years, about 7000 different varieties of desirable apple trees have been produced and protected against unauthorized copying. When apples from a particular tree turned out sweet and tasty or otherwise desirable, then the only way to grow apple trees that would grow more of that desired fruit was to graft a branch of that tree to another apple tree with healthy roots. You had to cut down the tree with the healthy roots until it was just a stump. Then you cut off a branch of the apple tree with the desirable apples and grafted it on to the stump. Then you waited a year till the stump with the grafted branch grew the desired fruit.

I died 35 years before Johnny when I was 35. I drank too much of his applejack one evening and as I was laughing, I choked to death on one of his hard apples.

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Charles Darwin (1809-1882)


Once again I chose my next life as a boy. I grew up to become a naturalist who had a great love for animals. I discovered the mechanism of evolution of life. I established that all species evolved from common ancestors. I proposed that evolution resulted from the "natural selection" of plants and animals for the "struggle to exist"; just like it resulted from man`s "artificial selection" of plants and animals for the "struggle to make a profit". I have been described as one of the most influential figures in human history. 

I was born in England to a wealthy society doctor and financier and had 5 siblings. When I was 8, my mother died and I started collecting rocks and bugs. I never stopped. One day when I was 22, I got a proposition for a position as a naturalist on a ship with Captain Robert FitzRoy who was commissioned for a 2 year voyage to chart the coastline of South America. It was a non-paying job and I had to pay my own expenses. My father objected to me going away, regarding it as a waste of time and money. I thought otherwise and accepted the job.

The 2 year voyage ended up lasting almost 5 years. I spent most of my time on land investigating the geology and collecting samples for further study, while FitzRoy surveyed and charted the coast. I kept careful notes of my observations and theoretical speculations and at intervals during the voyage, my specimens were sent back to Cambridge University in England. I had some expertise in geology, beetle collecting and dissecting marine invertebrates, but in all other areas I was a novice. Despite suffering badly from seasickness, I wrote copious notes while on board the ship. Most of my zoology notes were about marine invertebrates. On our first stop ashore, I found that a white band high in the volcanic rock cliffs included seashells. FitzRoy had given me the first volume of Lyell's "Principles of Geology" which proposed a concept that land slowly rose and sunk over immense periods. His concepts made sense to me. When we reached Brazil, I was delighted by the tropical forest, but detested the sight of slavery. We continued to the south in Patagonia and stopped at Bahía Blanca. At the cliffs near Punta Alta I made a major find of fossil bones of huge extinct mammals beside modern seashells, indicating recent extinction with no signs of change in climate or catastrophe.

On rides with gauchos into the interior to explore geology and collect more fossils, I gained social, political and anthropological insights into both the natives and the colonials. Three Fuegians on board who had been seized during FitzRoy`s first voyage and had spent a year in England, were taken back to Tierra del Fuego as missionaries to build a church. I found them friendly and civilized, yet their relatives seemed "miserable, degraded savages, as different as the difference between wild and domesticated animals." To me the difference showed cultural advances, not racial inferiority. Unlike my scientist friends, I then thought there was a bridgeable gap between humans and animals. A year later, the church had been abandoned. The Fuegians reverted to live like the other natives and had no wish to return to England. 

I experienced an earthquake in Chile and saw signs that the land had just been raised, including mussel-beds stranded above high tide. High in the Andes I saw seashells and several fossilized palm trees. On the Galápagos Islands I found mockingbirds allied to those in Chile but differing from island to island. Also slight variations in the shape of tortoise shells showed which island they came from. We sailed on to Australia where the marsupial rat-kangaroo and the platypus seemed so unusual that I thought it was almost as though two distinct Creators had been at work. When we returned to England 5 years later, having circumnavigated the earth, I had become a celebrity in scientific circles.

The strain of fame took a toll and I got sick with stomach problems, headaches and heart symptoms. For the rest of my life, I was repeatedly incapacitated with episodes of stomach pains, vomiting, severe boils, palpitations, trembling and other symptoms, particularly during times of stress such as attending meetings or making social visits. To marry or not to marry my cousin Emma was the most difficult question I faced. Advantages included "constant companion and a friend in old age ... better than a dog anyhow", against points such as "less money for books" and "terrible loss of time." Having decided in favor of marrying, I discussed it with my father, then went to visit her. But I never got around to proposing marriage because I got distracted by talking about my ideas on "transmutation". I began to see a similarity between farmers picking the best stock in selective breeding and nature selecting from chance variants so that every part of newly acquired structure is fully practical and perfected. I eventually proposed to Emma, but not before telling her my new ideas and theories. She accepted my proposal. We found a suitable place in London and we moved in along with my "museum". By the time I was 30, I was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

I did much research and experimented by selective breeding plants and animals. I found evidence that species were not fixed. I investigated many detailed ideas to refine and substantiate my theory. For 15 years this work was in the background to my main occupation of writing on geology and publishing expert reports on the collections from my 5 year voyage around the world. Then I started to write my first "pencil sketch" of my theory of natural selection. 18 years of work on barnacles showed me that slightly changed body parts served different functions to meet new conditions.

At age 47, I was investigating whether eggs and seeds could survive travel across seawater to spread species across oceans. As I was writing up my theory, Alfred Russel Wallace sent me an essay which described the same ideas that I had. We immediate submitted a joint publication of both of our theories. When I published my theory in my book "On the Origin of Species", many people proposed the same theory, but I was the only one who had the best compelling evidence for it. My scientific discovery formed the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. My "On the Origin of Species" proved unexpectedly popular, with the entire stock of 1,250 copies oversubscribed when it went on sale to booksellers. In the book, I set out one long argument of detailed observations, inferences and consideration of anticipated objections. My only allusion to human evolution was the understatement that "light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history". 

My theory was simply stated in the introduction: "As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying conditions of life, will have a better chance of surviving, and thus be naturally selected. From the strong principle of inheritance, any selected variety will tend to propagate its new and modified form."  I put a strong case for common descent, but avoided the then controversial term "evolution". 

At the end of the book I concluded that:"There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved."

The book aroused international interest. Though my illness kept me away from the public debates, I eagerly scrutinized the scientific response, commenting on press cuttings, reviews, articles, satires and caricatures, and corresponded with colleagues worldwide. I had only said "Light will be thrown on the origin of man", but the first review claimed I made a doctrine of the "men from monkeys" idea. By the end of the decade most scientists agreed that evolution occurred, but only a minority supported my view that the chief mechanism was natural selection.

"Origin of Species" was translated into many languages, becoming a staple scientific text attracting thoughtful attention from all walks of life, including the "working man". My theory also resonated with various movements at the time and became a key fixture of popular culture. At age 51, I became ill and grew a beard. Caricatures of me as an ape helped to identify all forms of evolution with my name.

Despite repeated bouts of illness during the last 22 years of my life, my work continued. "Fertilization of Orchids" gave my first detailed demonstration of the power of natural selection to explain complex ecological relationships, making testable predictions. I showed that wild orchids adapted their flowers to attract specific moths to each species and ensure cross fertilization. As my health declined, I lay on my sickbed in a room filled with inventive experiments to trace the movements of climbing plants. "The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication" was the first part of my planned "big book", and included my unsuccessful hypothesis attempting to explain heredity. It sold briskly at first, despite its size, and was translated into many languages. I wrote most of a second part, on natural selection, but it remained unpublished in my lifetime.

In my final book, I examined earthworms and their effect on soil. "It may be doubted whether there are many other animals which have played so important a part in the history of the world, as have these lowly organized creatures".

When I was 73 years old, I was diagnosed with coronary thrombosis and disease of the heart most probably from a tick bite. Soon after I died and was buried to be eaten by the worms I considered so worthy.

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Deer tick

I was born a female tick and had a 2 year life cycle during which time I pass through 3 stages: a larva which was only 0.5mm long, a nymph which was 3 times longer and an adult which was about 3mm long. I was a 3-host tick; the larva, nymph and adult stages each fed on separate hosts. Early spring my mom latched on to a deer and drank herself full of his blood. She dropped off and laid 2000 eggs on the forest floor. The larval eggs hatched into tiny 6-legged larvae. One of them was me. By middle of summer my brothers and sisters and I found mice to attach to and fed on their blood for 4 days. We fed until we were so full that we dropped off falling to the forest floor. We hibernated over the winter and next spring, we molted into nymphs. As nymphs we had the time of our lives. We attached ourselves to animals and fed sucking blood for 4 days. We drank till we were so full that we dropped off falling to the forest floor where we molted into adults. As adults we fed the entire season, even in winter when the ground and ambient temperatures were above freezing. We didn't go looking for mice any more. Oh no, we were too big for that. We chose deer. After all, we were known as deer ticks. Deer was our favorite host, but we never refused a human whenever we could find some flesh under their clothing.

We didn't just eat. We had sex. It was wonderful. Unlike the other type of ticks who only copulated during feeding, we copulated before and during our blood meal. For luck I was born a female and was able to store sperm. The mouth-parts of my male mates were poorly suited for attaching to hosts and feeding. But that was good news for me and the ladies because that made the hungry boys that much better suited for mating. My male mates touched my genital with their mouth-parts, then, they inserted their mouth-parts in my vagina. When the sacs on their penises were full of their sperm, they withdrew their mouth-parts and grasped their inflated sperm sac and tucked them into my waiting vagina. Even though their sperm entered in less than a minute, we usually remain coupled for days. During their close coupling, they drained me of my juices, receiving their first nourishing meal in a long time. No wonder they clung on so long. 

About one in a thousand of us deer ticks had Borrelia Burgdorferi bacteria living in us without us ever knowing it.

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Borrelia Burgdorferi


In my next life, I was a Borrelia Burgdorferi bacteria. We were one of the smallest bacteria that ever lived. We quietly lived in many different creatures without bothering our hosts at all. There was one exception however; man. Man hated us and reacted very harshly whenever we ended up inside him. Usually that happened whenever he was bitten by the deer tick, one of our favorite hosts. Because of my small size, I lay hidden and undiscovered for a long time despite the very harsh symptoms I caused whenever I infected a human and gave them a disease called Lyme disease. I was carried by a tick called the deer tick. I was named after the Swiss researcher Willy Burgdorfer, who first isolated us. We were the third microbial genome ever to have been sequenced. I have 910,725 base pairs and 853 genes.

Lyme disease symptoms include the characteristic bull's eye rash as well as many very severe illnesses. The incubation period from infection to the onset of symptoms is usually 1-2 weeks, but can be as short as a few days, or as long as a few years.

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Andrew Lyme (1949-2020)

I was born healthy and was never sick all my life. I lived in Bern, Switzerland. When I was 40 years old, one late summer, a few days after a bicycle trip I made with the kids, one of them noticed I had a "boo-boo" on my leg. It was a 10cm perfectly round red rash that felt like an insect bite. In a week it disappeared and my hip nerves started to ache. I took painkillers, every day more and more, all kinds of homeopathy pills, and even tried acupuncture. In 2 weeks the pain suddenly disappeared. The kids just came back from a week at camp and we decided to go for our annual trip to Italy before they closed our hotel for the season.

Then the pain started again. The seawater did some good. The three big boys were out swimming every day. We had a great time. I was just worrying about how I was going to drive home with the pain that was getting worst daily. When we arrived back home, the pain was unbearable. The painkillers didn't work anymore. And neither could I.

The pain in my upper legs and hips was at times so severe that only by moving and stretching them could I get relief. And I found I could not sleep because I needed to move and stretch constantly. The pain became so unbearable that I would drive to the emergency in the middle of the night to be injected with pain killers. I kept repeating in vain my story of the plate size red spot that I had for a week a few weeks after taking a biking trip along the local river. Later I found out that the doctors diagnosed my pain as psychosomatic.

I saw an acupuncturist and he sent me to the neurological clinic for a spinal fluid examinations confirming Lyme disease. I was confined in the hospital for a month and had to stay home for 3 months. During my month long stay at the hospital, I visited the hospital library and found public health alerts to the high-risk areas in Europe concerning this tick carrying decease. I was surprised that the local river around Bern, just where I was with my children, was on the top of the list of danger areas for the Lyme bacteria which was so very small and could hide and hibernate, making it very difficult to find. The telltale symptom of the raised red round spot that I had repeatedly described in the brochure as clear indication of being infected by the Lyme bacteria. After a week of concentrated antibiotic infusion, and an electric heating pad, the pain subsided. I was able to sleep again. Then came the second nightmare.

Day by day I was gradually losing the strength in my two legs. I didn't know for how long it would continue. Eventually I couldn't even lift my legs and could hardly walk. I had to drag myself up the stairs. And just as it was reaching a point where I couldn't climb the stairs any more, the pain stopped. The strength slowly returned and in less than a year the entire thing was like a bad nightmare.

It could have been worst. After several months, untreated or inadequately treated patients may go on to develop severe and chronic symptoms that affect many parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, eyes, joints and heart. Many disabling symptoms can occur in extreme cases including permanent impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities.


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Continued in "A few short lives of Joe Ova"
https://andrewvecseyfileslivesofjoeova.blogspot.com/2020/03/9000bc-small.html

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domesticated plants (small)


Rice
Corn
Wheat Barley, Rye, Millet, Oats
Potato
Rubber tree
Maple tree
Garlic
Spider plant
Dandelion
Tobacco
Coca
Poppy
Cacao
Coffee
Mate
Tea
Peyote
Cannabis


Rice
I was born a grass called Oryza and my seeds were called rice. As a cereal grain, we were the most widely produced staple food in the world. We provided more than one fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. We were domesticated 13,000 years ago in China and we spread to Southeast and South Asia. We were introduced to Europe through Western Asia, and to the Americas through European colonization. We were often directly associated with prosperity and fertility and because of that people had the custom of throwing rice at weddings. 
Some music while you read...
We required lots of rain and lots of work to be cultivated. The traditional method for cultivating us was flooding the fields while setting the young seedlings. This simple method required water damming and channeling, and reduced the growth of less robust weeds and deterred vermin. Our seeds were first milled and our outer husks of the grain called "chaff" were removed. At this point in the process, we are referred to as "brown". When our husk and the "germ", which was called "bran" were removed, then we were called "white". As white, we lacked important nutrients, but we kept fresh longer. 

When we were "white", we were often buffed with glucose to get polished and enriched with nutrients that we lost during the milling process. While the cheapest method of enriching involved adding a powdered blend of nutrients that easily washed off when rinsed, more sophisticated methods applied nutrients directly to the grain, coating the grain with a water-insoluble substance which was resistant to washing. 

When we were soaked, steamed and dried, in the husk, we were called "parboiled". That made us easier to process by hand and our nutrients became more easily absorbed when we were eaten. When we were parboiled, we did not stick to the pan during cooking. We were ground into flour and made many kinds of beverages, such as amazake, horchata, rice milk, and rice wine. We could be puffed or popped like popcorn. 

We were also made into various types of noodles, sprouted and added to salads. We were a good source of protein and a staple food in many parts of the world, but we did not contain all of the essential amino acids in sufficient amounts for good health. 

We came in many forms dependent on how long our grain was. When our grains were long, we tended to remain intact after cooking. When our grains were medium, we became stickier and were called "risotto". When our grains were short, we were used for pudding. When we were soaked or quickly fried in oil or fat before boiling, we became less sticky. 

Our flour and starch were often used in batters and breads to increase crispiness. Our kernels did not contain vitamin A, so people who obtain most of their calories from us were at risk of vitamin A deficiency. German and Swiss researchers genetically engineered us to produce beta-carotene, the precursor to vitamin A, in our kernels. The beta-carotene turned us from white to gold and we were then called "golden rice". 

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Corn
I was born a very tall grass called maize and my flowers were called cobs or ears and the seeds they contained were called corn kernels. We were 2.5m tall and the tallest of us reached 12m high. As a cereal grain, we were the second most-produced cereal after rice. We were domesticated by indigenous peoples in Central America in prehistoric times. Our corn kernels were used in cooking as a starch. The Olmec and Mayans cultivated us in numerous varieties soaked and cooked us in an alkaline solution of lime-water. 

When we were planted very close to each other we produced only one ear per stalk. We had shallow roots and were susceptible to droughts, intolerant of nutrient-deficient soils, and prone to be uprooted by severe winds.

We were planted by indigenous peoples with beans and squashes in a complex system known as the Three Sisters. The three crops benefited from each other. We provided a structure for the beans to climb on eliminating the need for poles. The beans provided the soil with nitrogen derived from nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria which lived on their roots, and the squash spread along the ground, blocked sunlight, preventing weeds from growing. The squash leaves acted as a "living mulch" retaining moisture in the soil, and their prickly hairs deterred pests. Maize lacked the amino acids lysine and tryptophan which the human body needed to make proteins and niacin, but beans contained both. Beans eaten with us provided man a balanced diet.

Beginning about 2500 BC, we spread through much of the Americas. After the Europeans arrived, explorers and traders brought us back to Europe. We then spread to the rest of the world because of our ability to grow in diverse climates. Sugar-rich varieties called sweet corn were grown for human consumption, while field corn varieties were grown for animal feed. When machines evolved and faced a shortage of petroleum to feed on, almost half of us were converted to ethanol which the machines gulped down like they were drunken humans. 

We formed the main ingredient of tortillas and tamales, and all the dishes based on them like tacos, enchiladas, and tostadas. We were made into a thick porridge in many cultures, from polenta in Italy to cornmeal mush in America. We also replaced wheat flour to make cornbread and other baked products. Our kernels exploded when heated to make popcorn. When fermented, we made the powerful drink called Chicha. When fermented and distilled, we produced grain alcohol, the source of Bourbon whiskey. When pressed and roasted, we made corn flakes. When boiled, we made corn on the cob. When pressed, we made corn oil. When our starch was hydrolyzed and enzymatically treated, we made high-fructose corn syrup. 

Our ears develop half way up the stem and grew about 3mm each day to a length of nearly 20cm. They were female cluster of flowers, tightly enveloped by several layers of leaves commonly called husks. Elongated silky strings called silks emerged from the whorl of husk leaves at the end of the ear. They looked like tufts of hair. Our stem ended in a male cluster of flowers called the tassel. When conditions were suitably warm, our tassel released pollen which was dispersed by wind to land a few meters away.

If the silky string was fertilized by a pollen, it developed into a corn kernel. An ear commonly held 600 kernels of various colors; blackish, bluish-gray, purple, green, red, white and yellow. When ground into flour, maize yielded more flour with much less bran than wheat did. It lacked the protein gluten of wheat and therefore made baked goods with poor rising capability. A genetic variant of our fruit that accumulated more sugar and less starch was consumed as a vegetable and called sweet corn. Young ears were consumed raw with the cob and silk, but as the plant matured during the summer months, the cob became tougher and the silk dried to become inedible. By the end of the growing season, the kernels dried out and became difficult to chew without first cooking them tender in boiling water.

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Wheat
I was born a grass called wheat and my seeds were also called wheat. As a cereal grain, we were the third most-produced cereal after rice and corn. We were domesticated 11,000 years ago in the regions known as the Fertile Crescent and the Nile Delta. The early Egyptians baked us into bread. We could self-pollinate and we were one of the first cereals to have been domesticated. We reached Greece, Cyprus and India by 6500 BC and Germany and Spain 1500 years after that. By 3000 BC we had reached England and Scandinavia. 1000 years later we reached China. We were a key factor enabling the emergence of city-based societies at the start of civilization because we were one of the first crops that could be easily cultivated on a large scale and had the additional advantage of yielding a large enough harvest that could be stored a long time without spoiling. 

We were used to make flour for leavened, flat and steamed breads, biscuits, cookies, cakes, pasta, noodles, and couscous. We were fermented to turn us into liquid bread called beer. Our stems called straw were used as a construction material for roofing. Our whole grain was milled leaving just the endosperm for white flour which was mostly starch but stayed fresh without going rancid. The by-products were bran and germ, a concentrated source of vitamins, minerals, protein and fats. We were germinated and dried creating malt, crushed or cut into cracked wheat, parboiled or steamed, dried, crushed and de-branned into bulgur which was also known as groats. We were a major ingredient in porridge, crackers, muesli, pancakes, pies, pastries, muffins, rolls, doughnuts, gravy, and processed breakfast cereals. Our protein was easily digested by nearly 99% of human population, as was our starch. We were also an important source of animal feed, 7kg of our grain producing 1kg of beef.

We were grown on more land area than any other commercial food. Wheat provided more nourishment for humans than any other food source because of our ability to grow from near arctic regions to the equator, from sea level to altitudes of 4000m above sea level. We were the most important source of carbohydrate in a majority of countries. Globally we were the leading source of vegetable protein, having higher protein content than soybeans or the other major cereals like corn or rice. In terms of total production used for food, we were second only to rice. 

Traits that made us an attractive food source also caused us to lose our seed dispersal mechanisms, and like the domesticated silkworm, made us unable to survive in the wild.

Barley

I was born both male and female. I am a self-pollinating, species with 14 chromosomes. I was one of the first cultivated grains. I am known for providing animal fodder, and as a fermentable material for beer. Elongated silky strings that looked like tufts of hair reflected the sunlight into shades of white, yellows, reds, and browns that shimmered. If the silky string was fertilized by a pollen, it developed into a corn kernel. My grains are commonly made into malt. I became a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally, ranked fourth behind corn, rice and wheat.

Rye

I am closely related to barley and wheat. My elongated silky strings are not as beautiful as the flowing hair of barley. They are more of a beard. They are thicker and so heavy that they can droop over. I have fewer hairs, but my grains are larger. If each strand of hair is fertilized by a pollen, it developed into a corn kernel. My grain is used for bread, beer, whiskey, some vodkas, and animal fodder.  I grow well in much poorer soils and can survive snow cover and frost better than most of my cereal cousins. Because of this, I am a valuable crop in regions where the soil has sand or peat.

Millet

I was domesticated in different parts of the world as I am very resistance to drought.. I adapted to poor, droughty, and infertile soils, and was more reliable under these conditions than most of my cereal cousins. Because of this, I became one of the major crops in the semiarid, impoverished, less fertile agriculture regions.

Oats

I grow best in temperate regions and have a greater tolerance of rain than other cereals, such as wheat, rye or barley. Because of this I am particularly important in areas with cool, wet summers. I am particularly greedy for nitrogen and for this I grow fast and have a short life.


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Potato
I was born a potato plant, native to North and South America. I was domesticated 10,000 years ago in southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia. Like with dogs, centuries of selective breeding caused me to change into over 4000 different types. My tubers with white flowers had white skins, while those with colored flowers had pinkish skins. 

My tubers were exported soon after Columbus discovered the lands for the Europeans. Following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the Spanish introduced me to Europe. I was slow to be adopted by distrustful European farmers, some of whom ate my toxic leaves and nearly died from poisoning. Compounds which protected me from predators were found in my leaves, stems, sprouts, and fruits. When humans ate those compounds, it caused weakness, confusion, headaches, diarrhea and cramps. In severe cases, it caused coma and death. Once the Europeans realized that my tubers found underground should be eaten, I became an important food staple and field crop and played a major role in the European population boom. However, lack of genetic diversity, due to the very limited number of varieties initially introduced, left me vulnerable to disease. 170 years ago in Ireland, where I was grown as a staple food, a disease caused by fungi decimated me and caused a great famine causing many surviving Irish to move to and settle in North America. 

After we flowered and were pollinated by bees, we produced small green fruits that resemble green cherry tomatoes. Each contained up to 300 seeds that could grow into new potato varieties depending on how they were pollinated. Existing potato varieties could be propagated as clones by planting tubers or pieces of tubers. We were used to brew alcoholic beverages such as vodka and aquavit. Our starch was used as thickeners and binders of soups and sauces and as adhesives. Our skins, along with honey, served as a remedy for burns. Humans could survive healthily by eating my tubers supplemented only by milk or butter, which contain the two vitamins A and D that I lacked. I became an integral part of much of the world's cuisine; coming in as the fourth-largest food crop, following rice, corn and wheat.

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Rubber tree
I was born a rubber tree. I lived for 30 years in the Amazon rain-forest growing up to 30m. I was of major economic importance to humans because of my very special sap called latex which spiraled up my bark. It was milky water containing polymer micro particles. When humans extracted latex from me, it was like they were milking me. They made incisions just deep enough to tap the latex and collected it in small buckets. This process was known as rubber tapping. The older I got, the more latex I had. The Olmecs of Central America extracted and produced similar forms of primitive rubber from similar latex-producing trees 3600 years ago. The rubber was used to make the balls used in their ballgames. 

Adding sulfur to the heated latex formed cross-links and bridges between individual polymer chains. This process was called vulcanization. A vast array of products was made with vulcanized rubber. Car tires, shoe soles, hoses, conveyor belts, hockey pucks, bowling balls, door and window profiles, belts, matting, flooring, dampeners, rubber bands, pencil erasers, elastics for textiles, condoms, gloves and toy balloons were all made from rubber.

There are 2 main solvents for rubber; naphtha and turpentine. 
  • Naphtha is a distillation of petroleum, coal tar, or peat. 
  • Turpentine is a distillation of resin obtained by tapping pine trees. 
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Maple tree
I was born a sugar maple tree, a symbol of strength and endurance. I had a very distinctive fruit. Each seed was attached to a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue shaped to spin like helicopter blades. When the seeds fell, they flew a considerable distance away. I did not like any baby trees to be too close to me, even if they were my own. Seeds that landed too close to me and sprouted were eventually killed by my shade. My seeds remained dormant in the soil for several years until they went thru a cold and moist winter. Then and only then were they tough enough to germinate. I had valuable timber, often known as "hard maple" and was the wood of choice for bowling pins, bowling alley lanes, pool cue shafts, and butcher's blocks. Due to my stiffness and strength, I was also commonly used in the archery business to make bows. I had bright autumn foliage that attracted people from all over the world that came to watch and wonder at my beauty. 

I was not tapped for resins or rubbers like pine and rubber trees were. I was tapped for my sweet syrup called maple syrup. In the spring, on frosty cold nights, as my branches froze, sap that was sucked up by my branches from my roots froze solid. When and if the temperature rose above freezing the next day, the frozen sap melted and fell down under gravity. If I was tapped, the falling sap fell into the buckets. When my sap was boiled, it produced maple syrup, maple sugar or maple taffy. It took about 40 liters of sap to make 1 liter of syrup.

Our dried wood was often used for the smoking of food. We were used to make pulpwood because our fibers had relatively thick walls that prevented collapsing upon drying. This gave bulk and opacity to paper giving it good printing properties as it was stiffer and less transparent. Some of us had a highly decorative wood grain making us famous for making furniture. 

We were very musical. We carried sound waves well, and were used in numerous musical instruments, being even harder and having a brighter sound than Mahogany. We were used to make the backs, sides, and necks of most violins, violas, cellos, and double basses. We were used to make bassoons and other woodwind instruments and gave drums a bright resonant sound. 


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Garlic
I was born a close relative of onions, shallots, leeks and chives. I was a native of Central Asia and humans have used me as food, seasoning and medicine for over 7000 years. We spread to the Mediterranean region, Africa, and Europe and Egypt, dating at least as far back as when the Giza pyramids were built. Our use in China dated back to 2000 BC. 

I produced flowers with both male and female reproductive organs that were pollinated by insects and bees. Those of us growing wild had sex. Those of us who were domesticated and cultivated by man practiced asexual reproduction. We produced clones of ourselves from parts of our bulbs called cloves or teeth which men planted like they did with potatoes. We were very hardy and perhaps because of our strong odor, we were able to repel many pests, diseases, rabbits, and moles. We even repelled those humans who preferred to smell like sweet smelling flowers and who used excessive perfumes to cover their own natural smells.

We were widely used around the world for our pungent flavor as a seasoning. A large number of sulfur compounds were the cause of how we smelled and tasted and why we turned green or blue when we were pickled and cooked. We were infamous for causing “bad” breath as well as causing sweat to have a pungent "garlicky" smell. Sipping milk at the same time as eating us significantly neutralized the “bad” breath we gave our eaters. 

We were very efficient at keeping our eaters healthy. We helped prevent atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, cancer, the common cold, and we were good at regulating blood sugar levels. We were used as an antiseptic and prevented gangrene. We were used as a treatment for infections, especially of the chest, digestive disorders and fungal infections such as thrush. We enhanced thiamin absorption and therefore reduced the likelihood of our eaters developing thiamin deficiency which caused beriberi resulting in weight loss, emotional disturbances, impaired sensory perception, weakness and pain in the limbs, and periods of irregular heart rate. Because of our high vitamin C content, we prevented vitamin C deficiency which caused scurvy resulting in a general feeling of being unwell, lethargy, infections, easy bruising, gum disease, loosening of teeth, and poor wound healing. When put in mouths, we kept microbes away. We were also an efficient method of birth control, keeping the opposite sex away.

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Spider plant
I was born a flowering plant and was able to reproduce without having sex. I was a native to tropical and southern Africa. I had fleshy tuberous roots that functioned as storage organs permitting survival from one year to the next. 

Our flowers were produced in clusters that grew out and eventually bent downwards growing little plants at their tips that were clones. This allowed us to reproduce asexually. We reduced indoor air pollution by neutralizing formaldehyde. 

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Dandelion
I was born a very hardy and edible flowering weed and was able to reproduce without having sex. I grew everywhere and was gathered by man since prehistory. I lived as long as my taproot was left intact. I didn't have sex, practicing asexual reproduction. My seeds did not need to be pollinated and fertilized. They produced clones genetically identical to me. We evolved about 30 million years ago in Eurasia. Our flower heads made up of a cluster of yellow to orange colored flowers opened in the daytime and closed at night. They matured into spherical seed heads containing many single-seeded fruits attached to fine hairs which, like parachutes, were dispersed far away by the wind. Our hollow stems were filled with milky latex.

We were a very beneficial weed with a wide range of uses. We were good companion plants for gardeners because our taproots brought up nutrients for shallower-rooting plants and added minerals and nitrogen to soil. We also attracted pollinating insects and released ethylene gas which helped fruit to ripen. Our leaves were edible, especially when we were blanched by being covered from light till we were pale and no longer bitter. We were not only delicious but also very nutritious containing abundant vitamins and minerals, especially vitamins A, C and K and were good sources of calcium, potassium, iron and manganese. Our flower petals made excellent dandelion wine. Our ground, roasted roots made caffeine-free dandelion coffee and was one of the ingredients of root beer, the delicious tasting soft drink. We were used in herbal medicine to treat infections, bile and liver problems. Our roots had a strong diuretic effect promoting the production of so much urine that we were sometimes called "pee a bed".

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Tobacco
I was born a shrub called Nicotiana by scientists who studied me, but I was known simply as tobacco by the people who grew and smoked me. I had such big lush leaves and attractive pink sweet-smelling flowers that I was also grown as an ornamental plant. I was native to tropical America and was domesticated and cultivated for the past 1500 years. Like the silkworms and wheat, I was no longer found in the wild. North American natives carried large amounts of me in pouches as a form of money and often smoked me in peace pipes, either in sacred ceremonies, or to seal a bargain. They believed that I was a gift from the Creator and that the exhaled smoke carried one's thoughts and prayers to heaven. Upon the arrival of Europeans in North America, they set up plantations to grow me and I was the number one cash crop until I was replaced by cotton. 

My active ingredient, nicotine was an alkaloid found in my leaves and I was very addictive and very harmful. A great deal of harm came from the thousands of different compounds and additives derived from processing, burning and curing to make me milder to be smoked. One third of the entire world's adult population smoked me, making me a very successful killer product. I was the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and killed 5.4 million people every year. My dried leaves called tobacco were used as a pesticide, as ingredients of medicines, and as a recreational drug. We were rolled into cigars and cigarettes, stuffed into pipes and smoked, or stuffed into mouths and up noses and chewed and snuffed. I was very expensive and very addictive. The poor people, who could afford me the least, smoked me the most, spending up to 15% of their total income on me. 

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Coca
I was born a coca plant native to western South America. I was a cash crop in Argentina, Bolivia and Peru. I was known throughout the world for my psychoactive alkaloid called cocaine which was a highly addictive stimulant and became one of the most widely consumed drugs in the world and the source of large amounts of money to various criminal organizations. I contained so little cocaine that its extraction from my leaves required complex chemical processes. Natives chewed my leaves with lime to numb their senses of hunger, cold, pain and exhaustion, without getting any euphoric and psychoactive effects that cocaine promised. I was made into patent medicines, syrups and tonics, the most well-known being the popular sugared soda drink called Coca-Cola. Cocaine was eventually outlawed and removed from the drink, but Coca-Cola continued to give drinkers a rush because of its high content of sugar, another very highly addictive drug. 
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Poppy

I was born a poppy and grew like a weed everywhere. I grew over 1m tall and my blooms were more than 15cm wide. I was one of the first plants to be grown and used, 12,000 years ago. People used my beautiful flowers not only as a decoration but also for food and for my latex which contained powerful medicinal alkaloids. My seeds were rich in oil, carbohydrates, calcium, and protein, and were used as a spice and to make products used in paints, varnishes and cosmetics. When my latex was dried, it was called opium. Opium contained many alkaloids, the most famous being codeine and morphine which relieved pain allowing ancient surgeons worldwide to perform prolonged surgical procedures. Opium was used with poison hemlock to put people quickly and painlessly to death. When modern chemists added two acetyl groups to morphine, they formed an ester of morphine called heroin. 
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Cacao
I was born a cacao tree with very special seeds called cocoa beans containing an active compound similar to caffeine. I was native to the deep tropical region of South America. My name meant "food of the gods". My seeds were used to make chocolate. While most flowers were pollinated by bees, my flowers were pollinated by tiny flies. My fruit, called cacao pods, were 30cm long and 10cm wide. They contained 20 - 60 seeds called "beans" which were embedded in a white pulp and looked like almonds. My seeds were the main ingredient of chocolate, while the pulp was used to prepare a refreshing juice. Each seed contained up to 50% fat called cocoa butter. 
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Coffee
I was born a flowering shrub native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical Asia. My seeds, called coffee beans, contained an active and addictive ingredient called caffeine. Roasted seeds when ground to a powder was used to make the popular mildly addictive drink called coffee. Many people had to drink coffee in the morning to wake up before starting their work, and had to drink coffee during the day to keep awake.

I was born a flowering shrub native to subtropical South America in northeastern Argentina, Bolivia, southern Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. My leaves, called yerba, contained an active and addictive ingredient called caffeine. My leaves, when soaked in hot water were used to make the popular mildly addictive drink called mate. Many people had to drink mate in the morning to wake up before starting their work, and had to drink mate during the day to keep awake. People drank mate with friends from a shared hollow gourd with a metal straw that was passed around in a circle as if they were smoking a joint of marijuana. It was a common social practice among people of all ages.

I was born a tea plant and was cultivated in China more than 3000 years ago for making a medicinal drink. People poured hot or boiling water over my dried leaves. The British East Indian Company traded opium, the milk from poppy flowers containing codeine and morphine, for silver. They used the silver to buy and ship me to Europe to be bought and drunk by the wealthy. I was so expensive that I was locked up in special cabinets like I was a drug, which I was. China eventually put a ban on heroin which was respectfully called morphine by doctors who used it to treat severe pain. The British set up plantations in India and Ceylon to grow me.

I contained antioxidants and caffeine and provided man with many health benefits. I was associated with providing humans a calm but alert, focused and productive mental state. I was very effective for treating eye infections when applied externally on the eye. All teas come from the same tea plant. Based on how I was processed, I was divided into categories like green, oolong and black. Black tea is fully oxidized, hence its black color. In between, I was oolong, which was partially oxidized. I could be greener or darker depending on their specific degree of oxidation. I was often blended from various categories to improve my taste so that I could be sold for more money. I was a vital ingredient of life for every part of the British population. I was popular at first only among the upper classes who could afford to buy me. Taxes kept my prices high and smuggling developed to avoid the taxes. When more of me was smuggled than legally imported, law abiding traders pressured the government to slash the import duty on me, wiping out the illegal smuggling trade virtually overnight. Once I was affordable for the masses, I became a truly popular drink.

European goods were traded in Africa for slaves who produced sugar on sugarcane plantations in the Caribbean. Because of my slightly bitter taste, I was drunk with sugar. Tea houses and tea gardens flourished and china tea sets and less costly versions in pottery became an essential part of fashionable households as soon as women were marketed to consume me. As I became cheaper, I spread rapidly to the working classes, becoming the most widely consumed beverage in the world, next to water. 

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Peyote
I was born a small, spineless cactus with psychoactive alkaloids, particularly mescaline. I was native to southwestern Texas and Mexico and found primarily in among scrub, especially where there was limestone. Known for my psychoactive properties, I was used worldwide in religious, shamanic, and spiritual rituals for over 5,000 years along psilocybin mushrooms, uncured tobacco and cannabis. I grew extremely slow, taking more than 3 years to go from seedling to mature flowering adult. My top, above ground, referred to as the crown, consisted of disc-shaped buttons that were dried and boiled in water to produce a psychoactive tea. I was extremely bitter and most people were nauseated before they felt the onset of the psychoactive effects I gave them.

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Cannabis
I was born a flowering plant that had long been used for fiber, oils, medicine, and fun. We originated in the mountainous regions northwest of the Himalayas. We were born either male or female flowering plant and lived only for one year.

We were used by many civilizations during the last 12,000 years. We were used for fibers because of our long stems. Some of us grew more than 6m tall. We made very hardy ropes and textiles that were much stronger and lasted much longer than cotton. We also made very high quality paper. We grew very fast everywhere and burned extra hot making useful fuel.

My dried flowers, called marijuana, contained THC, and got people "high". We induced a state of relaxation, euphoria, and promoted philosophical and meditative thinking, examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings and knowing about knowing that made many giggle. We were used to treat glaucoma, a condition of increased pressure within the eyeball causing gradual loss of sigh. We offered relief from pain, calmed spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis and asthma, and fought off chemotherapy-induced nausea, and helped people fall asleep.

Our fruit grew everywhere and gave people a “let it be...” attitude that turned into a “care free” attitude that was easily change into an “I don`t care” attitude. That attitude kept people passively and peacefully drifting down the river in whatever direction it flowed, whether thru rapids of war, or thru the marshes of regrowth.


When man evolved to the point of being able to manufacture synthetic fabrics, ropes and medicines, we suddenly became an unwanted weed. Because we were not physically addictive, and because we were so easy to grow, harvest and process that anyone could do it anywhere without laboratories and chemists, we ceased being a profit producing crop.

We became outlaws and we were replaced by sugar, alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and codeine that were highly addicted, difficult to grow, and more difficult to process. Drugs from these plants were very powerful and promised to help man in coping with the daily stresses. 

Cocaine, from the coca beans and its milder cousin caffeine, from the coffee beans, gave man the necessary perseverance so that he was able to work as hard and as long as he was forced to work by numbing his aches and pains. 

Sugar, found in most fruit, sweetened his embittered life and gave him a temporary energy kick to make him momentarily stronger than he really was.

Alcohol, the excretions of bacteria from the sugars they ate was very intoxicating. It made man feel stronger and happier than he really was.

Nicotine, found in the tobacco plant, relaxed him making him feel more like smoked meat than the burned out one that he really was.

These drugs produced a “Yes I can!” attitude that allowed man to leap forward so high that he eventually leaped to the moon and to the stars beyond.
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Francis of Assis, Johnny Appelseed`s friend, Charles Darwin, Deer tick 
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